Thua cac ban,
Hom nay, toi xin mo de tai “lam the nao de hoc gioi ngoai ngu noi chung, dac biet la tieng Anh?”. Mo ra chu de nay ra chang phai la chi bao nhau phai theo cach hoc nay no, ma toi mong muon, thong qua day, chung ta se cung trao doi, hoc hoi kinh nghiem lan nhau de moi nguoi tu tim duoc cho minh mot phuong phap hoc toi uu nhat cho rieng minh, va cho cac lop sinh vien sau chung ta. Toi biet trong dien dan nay co rat nhieu ban chuyen va rat gioi ngoai ngu, toi mong muon cac ban tham gia dong gop y kien xay dung vao chu de nay.
De tai cua toi se gom cac phan
1. Hoc ngoai ngu – de hay kho?
2. Phuong phap hoc nhu the nao la tot?
3. Mot so sach tham khao Anh Van va tieng Nhat danh cho sv NT.
Trong bai nay, toi se de cap chi tiet chu yeu ve tieng Anh va Nhat.
Truoc het, cac ban cho phep toi gioi thieu doi chut ve ban than minh. Toi la cuu sinh vien khoa K29 cua truong ta trong Nam. Hoc ngoai ngu la niem say me cua toi tu hoi con la hoc sinh. Doi voi toi, moi ngoai ngu la mot the gioi moi. Hoi con la hoc sinh toi hoc chuyen tieng Nga va cung da tung doat vai giai nhat, nhi toan thanh va toan quoc ve mon tieng Nga cap 2 va 3. Nhung toi lai thi vao dai hoc bang khoi A, dau 2 truong BK xay dung va NT, cuoi cung toi chon NT nghanh KTNT cung vi mong uoc cua minh la hoc ngoai ngu. Toi khong phai la loai nguoi “thong minh xuat chung”, ma co le la thuoc loai nguoi “can cu bu thong minh” hon. Buoc vao dai hoc, toi moi bat dau hoc tieng Anh, va sang nam thu 3, bat dau hoc tieng Hoa va hoc duoc khoang 3 nam. Toi co thoi gian khoang 6 nam lam viec cho mot cong ty thuong mai lon cua Nhat, phu trach ve buon ban nong san: gao, lua mi, bot mi (wheat and wheat flour)… trong thoi gian do toi cung da tranh thu hoc duoc mot it tieng Nhat. Khoang hon 1 nam nay, toi la quyen Truong Dai Dien tai Viet Nam cho mot cong ty cua My, la nha san xuat lon nhat tren the gioi ve phu gia cho thuc an gia suc (feed additives), phu gia cho thuc an cho thu’ kieng (cho, meo) (petfood additives), cong nghe sinh hoc va duoc pham. Thoi gian cua toi rat it, nhung toi co gang tranh thu viet nen de tai nay, mong rang no se mang lai mot it thong tin bo ich cho cac ban cung tham khao. Toi van co mot mo uoc la sv NT ta se hoc cac mon nghiep vu va bao ve luan an tot nghiep tat ca bang tieng Anh. Hien nay, khoa NT truong DHKT Tp. HCM da lam duoc dieu do roi…..!!!
1. Hoc ngoai ngu – de hay kho?
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Thua cac ban, theo toi, khong de cung khong kho. De neu nhu ban chiu kho hoc va co phuong phap hoc dung cho ban than ban. Kho neu nhu nguoc lai.
Ban co the hoi the thi hoc ngoai ngu co can doi hoi co nang khieu khong? Toi nghi rang, khong nhat thiet cac ban a. Ban cu thu xem, co dua tre nguoi Kinh binh thuong nao sinh ra va lon len tai Viet Nam ma khong biet noi tieng Viet hay khong? Nang khieu chi dong mot vai tro rat nho, no giup cho ban hoc nhanh hon nguoi khac mot chut thoi. Cai chinh van la su can cu, chiu kho va phuong phap hoc tot cua nguoi hoc.
Co nhat thiet phai ra nuoc ngoai thi moi hoc gioi duoc ngoai ngu khong? Neu nhu ban co dieu kien di du hoc, do la mot dieu rat tot, nhung khong phai ai cung co dieu kien de di du hoc va so luong nguoi di du hoc van con chiem mot ti le rat nho so voi phan dong cac ban sinh vien hoc o trong nuoc. Van co khong it nguoi hoc trong nuoc nhung van hoc tot va lam duoc viec ma khong nhat thiet phai di du hoc. Voi dieu kien giao thuong mo rong va su pho bien cua internet hien nay, ban van co the co duoc nhung tai lieu hoc tap hay va cap nhat cua nuoc ngoai. Hoc o nuoc ngoai nhung khong hoc tap trung dung chuyen nghanh cua minh thi chua chac da bang ban hoc trong nuoc va biet cach chon loc tai lieu hoc phu hop cho chuyen nghanh cua ban.
Co can biet nhieu ngoai ngu khong? Neu nhu ban dieu kien va kha nang hoc gioi nhieu ngoai ngu thi rat tot. Neu khong, ban chi can tap trung danh thoi gian toi da hoc gioi mot ngoai ngu, nhat la tieng Anh, la duoc. Neu nhu ban quyet dinh chon hoc mot ngoai ngu thu 2, chang han nhu tieng Nhat, tieng Trung… thi phai danh cho no mot thoi gian thich dang de hoc that gioi. Hoc do do uong uong thi chi to mat thoi gian, cong suc ma thoi. Dung hoc chay theo phong trao, thay nguoi ta di hoc, roi minh cung phai di hoc cho biet cung chi cung em.
Hoc ngoai ngu, khac voi hoc nhung mon khac, nhat la nhung mon tu nhien nhu Toan, Ly… o cho, ban se khong thay ket qua, tien bo ro ret trong mot thoi gian ngan vai ba ngay hay vai ba tuan tap trung hoc. Trai lai, no doi hoi rat nhieu thoi gian, cong suc, ket qua hoc ngoai ngu cua ban la ket qua cua mot qua trinh phan dau lien tuc lau dai tinh bang nam bang thang.
Cung co the co ban noi “voi toi, ngoai ngu chang co gi kho ca…!!”. Dieu do cung co the dung, neu nhu ban hoc ngoai ngu tu nho theo mot chuong trinh chuyen ngu, khi ban len den bac dai hoc, thi` ngoai ngu da tro thanh phan xa tu nhien, da tham sau vao trong tiem thuc cua ban roi, va de dat duoc den muc nhu vay, ban da phai trai qua hang tram ky thi, hang ngan tieng hoc voi giao vien va tu hoc o nha. Nhung toi cung chi lay mot vi du don gian la ngay ca doi voi tieng Viet – la tieng me de, de an noi luu loat, trinh bay mot van de mot cach ro rang, khuc chiet thi ban cung da phai mon moi hoc tap lam van, tieng Viet, giao duc cong dan…..ca 12 nam troi…
2. Phuong phap hoc nhu the nao la tot?
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Cac ban a., dung la rat kho ma xac dinh mot phuong phap chung cho tat ca moi nguoi.
Phuong phap chung co hieu qua nhat theo toi van la tu hoc mot cach co he thong, chu dong, tich cuc va thuc tap thuong xuyen, cung nhu hoi hoc pho thong, ban van thuong nghe khau hieu “hoc di doi voi hanh” day. Neu nhu toi noi rang, toi co mot quyen sach day danh tennis cuc ky hay, toi doc no la toi co the choi tennis gioi! Khong phai nhu vay, ma muon choi gioi, toi phai tich cuc tap luyen thuong xuyen nua.
Chu dong tim de tai thich hop de hoc. Tich cuc phat bieu trong lop, thuc tap noi chuyen bang ngoai ngu voi ban be xung quanh. Ngay xua khi con la sv, cu den gio Anh Van, la toi luon luon co gang noi chuyen voi cac ban cung lop bang tieng Anh ve thu. Cau nao, y nao minh chua biet thi lai dung “Vietnamit” de hoi, sau do lai tiep tuc dung tieng Anh. Va trong gio nghiep vu, khi cam cui chep bai giang cua cac thay co vao tap, toi van thuong lien tuong la lam sao chuyen nhung y tieng Viet, chuyen sang tieng Anh.
Ly tuong nhat, la cac ban co the hoc theo nhom 2 - 6 ban, trong do co 1 ban that gioi ve tieng Anh lam truong nhom (hoac neu co the moi thay co gioi tieng Anh cung tham gia), cung nhau hoc theo mot de tai cu the nao no, chuan bi truoc vai ba ngay, sau do cung nhau tranh luan, thuc tap bang tieng Anh, sua loi phat am, ngu phap cho nhau. Nhom co nhieu nguoi hon se khong hieu qua lam. De tai la thao luan la nhung de tai gan lien voi cac mon nghiep vu hoc tren lop hoac thiet thuc trong cuoc song hang ngay. Toi thay mot so truong co to chuc CLB tieng Anh, keu goi moi nguoi toi tham gia, nhung tham gia mot thoi gian ngan xong thi thay chan vi khong thiet thuc va loang.
Ban chat cua hoc ngoai ngu la su lap di lap lai nhieu lan. Su quen thuoc doi voi mot tu, mot cum tu hay mot cau phu thuoc vao tan suat lap lai cua ban. Ban lap lai mot tu cang nhieu lan thi cang nho lau va cang de tro thanh phan xa tu nhien cua ban. Nen neu nhu ban than phien rang ban nghe (listening), hoac noi (speaking) chua tot, thi toi xin noi lai la khong phai la “chua tot” ma la ban nghe chua quen, hoac nghe chua nhieu va chua su dung cum tu do nhieu. Neu ban su dung / nghe di nghe lai nhieu lan. Nhung neu chi nghe mot cach thu dong khong thi ban se tro nen nham chan, ban co the mo may nghe va doc duoi theo bang. Ban co the chon mot bang tieng Anh chuan, noi ve mot de tai lon hoac mot bai giang (ve kinh te) ma nghe di nghe lai nhieu lan.
Co ban noi rang, de “lap di lap lai” nhieu lan, ban ay lay mot tu giay trang va viet ra mot tu moi len do vai chuc, tham chi vai tram lan de quen mat chu, hoac viet len mot cai bia nho va luon luon mang theo minh, thinh thoang lay ra doc !!. Thua ban, la doi voi tieng Trung hoac tieng Nhat, thi cach viet chu ra giay nhieu lan gan nhu la cach duy nhat de hoc thuoc mat chu Han tu (tieng Nhat goi la Kanji), nhung toi se khong viet vai chuc lan ngay mot luc cho mot chu moi, ma toi se chia ra, hom nay viet 20-30 lan, truoc khi di ngu viet lai vai lan, va 1-2 hom, 1 tuan sau do lap lai lan nua, thi se nho lau hon. Nhung doi voi tieng Anh, cach hoc nhu vay khong hieu qua lam. Cach hoc hay nhat van la gan lien hoc tu voi mot ngu canh cu the. Thay vi ngoi viet, ban hay de thoi gian do de doc bai khoa hoac mot cum tu vai chuc lan hoac hoc thuoc long thi hay hon.
Vd: Ban co the luyen tap cau: “When I was a boy, I liked swimming very much”, bang cach thay doi cach dai tu nhan xung “I” o hai ve lan luot voi “you, he, she, we, they” va lap lai voi toc do nhanh dan.
“Hoc thuoc long” (learning by heart) van la cach hoc truyen thong co hieu qua. Nhung co rat nhieu cai de hoc, va khong nhat thiet tat ca phai hoc thuoc long. Ban chi can chon ra mot so tai lieu chuan ve van pham, cach hanh van de htl. Chang han nhu doi voi tieng Anh, toi xin de cu quyen 3 cua bo “New Concept English” co tua de la “Developing Skills” la quyen ma ban nen hoc thuoc long. Ve chuyen mon, hoac neu nhu ban khong co nhieu thoi gian de hoc “Developing Skills”, ban chi can hoc that nhuyen 22 dieu dau trong phan Introduction cua “Incoterms 2000” la du, vua nam duoc chuyen mon, vua ren luyen duoc ky nang tieng Anh. Neu ban con co nhieu thoi gian nua, thi nen hoc them Cong uoc cua Lien Hop Quoc ve hop dong mua ban hang hoa quoc te, Vienne 1980 (United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of goods (Vienna, 1980)). Con giao trinh “Streamline English” theo toi, chi thich hop de nghe hon, ban chi can tap trung hoc trong vai thang la duoc. Con doi voi cac ban hoc tieng Nhat, toi thay bo “Nihongo Hyogenbunkei – Chuukyu I, II” la mot giao trinh kha chuan, co the hoc duoc.
Mot so diem can luu y khi hoc ngoai ngu:
- Phai rat chu trong den phan phat am, phat am sao cho dung am vd phan biet cach doc [s], [tS], [dz], [z]…, chu y den cach doc cach am cuoi vd box [boks], boss [bos], boss’ [bosiz].…Khong nhat thiet phai bat chuoc noi cho that giong giong Anh hoac My, chi can ban phat am chinh xac, ro rang bang chat giong cua chinh ban la duoc.
- Khi hoc, doc lon thanh tieng, doc mot bai khoa vai chuc lan. Manh nho: khi bi kho hong, nen co mot ly hoac chai nuoc ben canh uong de tham giong va … doc tiep…(chi can nuoc thuong thoi, dung uong nuoc lanh hoac nuoc da, vi no se lam ban rat de bi viem hong)
- Hoc mot bai khoa nhieu lan: sau lan htl dau tien, xem lai sau do 1, 2, 4, 6 tuan, doc qua khong can nhin sach: se rat ton it thoi gian on nhung se giup ban nho rat lau. Khi hoc mot bai khoa dai phat hoc thuoc long, dau tien doc toan bo bai khoa thanh tieng vai chuc lan, sau do chia nho ra thanh tung doan, chia tung doan dai thanh tung cau, chia tung cau dai thanh tung cum tung nhom du y de hoc thuoc long.
- Khong can thiet phai ghi di ghi lai mot tu tren mot to giay hang chuc lan hoac viet tren tung to bia nho, luc nao cung mang theo minh--> rat mat thoi gian, hieu qua kem.
- Khong ngai tra tu dien
- Khi tu hoc o nha, nen dung tu dien lon. Tu dien bo tui chi nen su dung tren lop.
- Ghi tu moi vao mot quyen so nho, co khoang nua quyen tap 100 trang thuong, ghi theo bai khoa.
- Khi ghi tu moi vao so, nen ghi ca phien am cua no, dung luoi ngai tra phien am doan mo, vd chu level co phien am dung la ['levl] nhung lai co ban doc sai thanh ['li:vl].
- Tu mot tu da hoc, mo rong ra: Hoc mot tu voi cac ket hop tu pho bien: vd: take, take away, take off...
- Nen hoc tu tu mot tu, hoc theo goc:
vd: hoc tu combine, nen biet them cac dan xuat nhu dt combination, tt combined
health, healthy, healthful, healthiness….
Hoc thuoc long bat buoc luon luon phai nho:
- Bang chu cai
- Cac ngay trong tuan
- Cac thang trong nam
- Cac so dem, so thu tu tu 1 à 1000.
Ban co the dat ra mot cau don gian nhu sau, roi sau do lan luot thay the cac ngoi, cac dai tu nhan xung va dai tu so huu lap, doc thanh tieng lap di lap lai nhieu lan, hoc se hieu qua hon, bat nao cua ban hoat dong mot cach tich cuc ma khong bi nham chan.
Vd: On Monday next week, I will meet you at 1:00 pm at your home/place
On Tuesday next week, you will meet him/her at 2:00 pm at his/her home.
On Wednesday next week, he will meet us at 3:00 pm at our home………
Next week co the thay bang 2 weeks, 3 weeks later……
Hoac mot vd vui khac:
On the 14th of February at 1:00 am, he will give her a kiss.
On the 14th of February at 2:00 am, we will give you 2 kisses……….
Doi voi cac ban hoc tieng Nhat va tieng Trung, kho khan va rao can lon nhat cua cac ban van la chu Han tu vi neu ma ngoi dem net va tra tu dien vo cung mat thoi gian, ma co luc tra hoai khong ra duoc chu can tim. Toi co mot thu thuat nho ma toi van thuong su dung, ban co the tap trung tat ca nhung bai bao, sach ma ban quan tam, sao do sam cho minh mot cai may ghi am co nho, tim mot nguoi ban xu (NB hoac TQ), nho nguoi ta doc giup va ghi am lai. Chi 1 tieng, ban da co the ghi am duoc vai chuc trang tai lieu hoc cho ca thang, vua lai ghi am duoc giong chuan cua nguoi ban ngu… !! Khi gap tu moi, ban chi can mo bang, nghe phat am va tra tu dien theo am phat am, ao mot cai la ra !!. Hoac ban co the cai Windows tieng Nhat, tieng Hoa va tu dien Nhat-Anh, Hoa-Anh vao may cua minh, truy cap Internet lay xuong cac bai, sau do cat dan vao Word, dung phan mem tra tu dien de tra tu, rat nhanh va tien loi.
3. Mot so sach tham khao tieng Anh va tieng Nhat danh cho sv NT.
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That ra cac ban a, tren thi truong co rat nhieu sach tieng Anh chuyen nghanh kinh doanh quoc te, xnk, quan tri kinh doanh, marketing, nhung toi xin neu ra day mot so tua sach ma theo toi la co noi dung hay, bo ich va thiet thuc voi chuyen nganh NT cua chung ta de cac ban cung tham khao. Nhung quyen co danh dau (*) la nhung quyen toi hien co, neu nhu cac ban quan tam thi toi se photo lai va mang ra gui cho cac ban doan truong trong chuyen cong tac cua toi ra Ha Noi vao thang sau. Ban muon tim mua sach tieng Anh kinh te, kinh doanh, thi ban co the mo mot the tin dung Visa hoac Master Card, sau do vao cua hang sach tren mang Amazon.com – o do co rat nhieu loai sach hay.
Cac loai tu dien nen dung:
- Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
- Tu dien Anh Viet do NXB KHXH dich tu quyen tren
- Longman Business English Dictionary 1985
- Tu dien giai nghia Kinh te – Ky thuat Anh Viet do NXB Khoa hoc Ky thuat xuat ban. Thuc chat la dich tu quyen tu dien cua Longman neu tren.
- Tu dien NT cua DHNT xuat ban nam 1985
Sach ngu phap:
Nen tham khao quyen : A Practical English Grammar, English Grammar in Use
Doi voi cac ban dang la sv nam 1 – 2:
- Elementary comprehension pieces *: LA Hill: Oxford University Press
- The language for Economics: * : Manchester Univ.: quyen nay da duoc truong DHKTQD va Bo GD dich ra tieng Viet nam 1991, la mot giao trinh kha chuan.
- The process of Composition * : Joy M. Reid, Colorado State Univ. la mot giao trinh rat hay huong dan ban viet luan bang tieng Anh.
- Critical reasoning - step by step *: Robert Cogen, University Press of America
- The official guide for GMAT/GRE cua Educational Testing Service (ETS) *: GMAT co nghia la Graduate Management Admission Test – la ky thi dau vao MBA va DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) cua cac truong day kinh doanh tai My, nhung toi thiet nghi, no co rat nhieu diem hay de hoc hoi, ma tu do cac ban sinh vien co the nang cao kha nang ngon ngu va kha nang tu duy cua minh. GRE – Graduate Recorded Exam la ky thi danh cho cac nganh khac.
- Arco - GMAT CAT Answers to the Real Essay Questions *: tuong tu nhu quyen tren
- Arco - Words for smart test-takers *
- Macro - Micro Economics
- Statistics
- International Business: Environments and Operations: Joh D. Daniesl, Lee H. Radebaugh: quyen nay cung da duoc dich ra tieng Viet roi.
- Business (Business Today)
Doi voi cac ban nam 3-4, khi da bat dau hoc chuyen mon:
- A basic Guide to Exporting - US Department of Commerce: *
- A basic Guide to Importing - US Customs Service, Department of the Treasury: *
- Profitable export marketing
- International Law for business *: Carolyn Hotchkiss
- Business Law for the shipmaster *: trong quyen nay, ban se tim thay tat ca nhung gi can thiet ve van tai, bao hiem hang hoa, hop dong…: cuc ky hay…
- Grossary of cargo handling terms
- Global Trade Financing - John Wiley & Son Publishing House, New York , 2000 *
- UCP 500
- Incoterm 2000
- United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of goods (Vienna, 1980) *: cong uoc nay da duoc dich ra tieng Viet va in o phu luc cua quyen “Ky thuat nghiep vu NT” cua thay Vu Huu Tuu.
- XK va hd XK: James R.Pinnels: do thay Bui Chu va thay TS Pham Minh Chat dich. Cac ban co the lien he voi thay Chat de xin ban tieng Anh goc.
- Cac luat, dieu le cua cac trong tai quoc te bang tieng Anh
- Luat thuong mai Viet – My
- Luat dau tu nuoc ngoai
- Luat thue XNK bang tieng Anh va tieng Viet
Doi voi tieng Nhat, cac ban co the lien he dat sach bao tieng Nhat thong qua cong ty Nippan IPS chuyen ve phan phoi cac an pham, sach bao tieng Nhat tai Tokyo. Dia chi lien lac nhu sau:
Nippan IPS Co. Tel: 81-3-3238-0708 Fax: 81-3-3238-7944
Gap co Naomi Sato voi e-mai:
ips05@nippan-ips.co.jpCac tai lieu cac ban co the tham khao la:
Tu dien:
- New Little Japanese – English Dictionary: rat nho tien loi, nhieu tu, giai nghia day du.
Sach hoc:
- Shin Nihongonokiso I-II
- Nihongo no hyogenbunkei, chuukyu I-II
- Nihon wo chuukyu kara manabu
- Seikatsu no betonamu
- Makuro, maikuro boeki torihiki
- Kokusai Kinyuu no makuro keizaigaku (International Moneytary system)
- Luat dau tu nuoc ngoai tai VN – ban tieng Nhat
- He thong thue va ke toan tai Viet Nam cua cong ty kiem toan Arther Anderson – ban tieng Nhat.
- Tap chi tieng Nhat xuat ban hang thang – the Nihongo Journal
Chúc các bạn học ngày càng giỏi hơn.
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